Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

classical architecture

  • 1 architecture classique

    f

    Dictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > architecture classique

  • 2 architecture classique

    f

    Architecture française et le dictionnaire de construction > architecture classique

  • 3 clásico

    adj.
    classical, classic.
    m.
    classic.
    * * *
    1 (de los clásicos) classical
    2 (típico) classic, typical
    3 (tradicional) classic
    1 classic
    ————————
    1 classic
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. (f. - clásica)
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (Arte, Mús) classical
    2) (=característico) classic
    3) (=de época) [coche] vintage
    4) [costumbre] time-honoured
    5) (=destacado) outstanding, remarkable
    2. SM
    1) (=obra, película) classic
    2) (=artista, escritor) outstanding figure, big name *
    CLÁSICO ¿"Classic" o "classical"? Hay que tener en cuenta que el adjetivo clásico se puede traducir por classic o por classical: ► Se traduce por classic cuando el sustantivo al que acompaña reúne todas las características propias de su especie o cuando nos referimos a películas, libros {etc} de una calidad extraordinaria: Es el clásico ejemplo de niño mimado He's a classic example of a spoilt child ... una de las historias de detectives clásicas de esa época...... one of the classic detective stories of that time... ► Se traduce por classical cuando clásico hace referencia a la música clásica o a asuntos relacionados con las civilizaciones griega y romana: Cuanta más música clásica escucho más me gusta The more classical music I listen to the more I enjoy it El Partenón es uno de los ejemplos más significativos de la arquitectura clásica The Parthenon is one of the most significant examples of classical architecture Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    a) <decoración/estilo/ropa> classical
    b) < música> classical; < método> standard, traditional; <error/malentendido/caso> classic
    c) <lengua/mundo> classical
    II
    a) ( obra) classic
    b) ( autor)
    c) (AmL) (Dep) traditional big game
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    a) <decoración/estilo/ropa> classical
    b) < música> classical; < método> standard, traditional; <error/malentendido/caso> classic
    c) <lengua/mundo> classical
    II
    a) ( obra) classic
    b) ( autor)
    c) (AmL) (Dep) traditional big game
    * * *
    clásico1
    1 = classic.
    Nota: Nombre.

    Ex: Some recipe classics never go out of fashion and fairy cakes top the list.

    * clásico de la literatura = literary classic.
    * clásico literario = literary classic.
    * clásicos = classics, oldies.

    clásico2
    2 = classic, classical, vintage, conventional, classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA], vintage.

    Ex: The classic and well-known example of such a distinction is that which is frequently found in libraries where books are arranged in separate sequences according to their size; for example, octavo, quarto and folio.

    Ex: Music, especially classical works, often requires the establishment of a uniform title.
    Ex: Indeed, advantage was taken of the tenth anniversary of British membership to make 1983 a vintage year for monographs on the European Communities.
    Ex: The foregoing discussion concerning analytical entries assumes implicitly a conventional catalogue format, that is, card, microform or other printed catalogue.
    Ex: By modelling her portraits on ancient Roman busts, she was responding to cultural and political forces which fostered a classicizing style.
    Ex: His Cubist still lifes with figures rendered in a sketchily classicized style echoes the conflict between the academic and the avant-garde in the early 20th century.
    Ex: When she discovered vintage comics and their lurid covers, she went nuts.
    * a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * arquitectura clásica = classical architecture.
    * ejemplo clásico = classical example.
    * época clásica, la = classical age, the.
    * imitando a lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * latín clásico = Classical Latin.
    * literatura clásica = classical literature.
    * mundo clásico, el = classical world, the.
    * neoclásico = neoclassical [neo-classical].
    * obra anónima clásica = anonymous classic.
    * texto clásico = classical text.

    * * *
    clásico1 -ca
    1 ‹decoración/estilo/ropa› classical
    2 ‹método› standard, traditional; ‹error/malentendido› classic
    el clásico remedio para la gripe the traditional cure for flu
    es el clásico caso de la niña pobre que se casa con un hombre rico it's the classic case of the poor girl who marries a rich man
    3 ‹lengua/mundo› classical
    1 (obra) classic
    2
    (autor): los Beatles y otros clásicos de la música pop the Beatles and other giants of pop music o other all-time great pop stars
    3 ( AmL) ( Dep) traditional big game
    * * *

    clásico 1
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    a) ‹lengua/mundo› classical;

    ‹decoración/estilo/ropa› classical

    ‹error/malentendido/caso› classic
    clásico 2 sustantivo masculino

    b) (AmL) (Dep) traditional big game

    clásico,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 Arte classical
    una obra clásica de la literatura universal, a classic work of world literature
    2 (tradicional) classic
    3 (típico) classic: le hicieron las clásicas preguntas tontas, they asked him all the typically stupid questions
    II sustantivo masculino classic
    Si clásico se refiere a una obra escrita durante un periodo clásico (romano, griego, etc.), se traduce por classical: Virgilio es un autor clásico. Virgil is a classical writer. Si se refiere a algo típico y conocido, se traduce por classic: Es un ejemplo clásico. It's a classic example.
    ' clásico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    clásica
    English:
    classic
    - classical
    - conventional
    - dance
    - vintage
    - ancient
    - derby
    * * *
    clásico, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [de la Antigüedad] classical;
    lenguas clásicas classical languages
    2. [ejemplar, prototípico] classic
    3. [peinado, estilo] classical;
    tiene unos gustos muy clásicos she has very classical tastes
    4. [música] classical
    5. [habitual] customary;
    es muy clásico en estos casos it's very typical in these cases
    6. [peculiar]
    clásico de typical of
    ♦ nm
    1. [escritor, músico] classic
    2. [obra] classic;
    un clásico de la música moderna a classic of modern music
    3. Am Dep big game
    * * *
    I adj classical
    II m classic
    * * *
    clásico, -ca adj
    1) : classic
    2) : classical
    : classic
    * * *
    clásico1 adj classical
    clásico2 n classic

    Spanish-English dictionary > clásico

  • 4 arquitectura

    f.
    architecture (gen) & (computing).
    * * *
    1 architecture
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *

    arquitectura de jardines, arquitectura paisajista — landscape gardening

    * * *
    femenino architecture
    * * *
    Ex. Using gothic architecture instead of architecture is an example of increasing specificity.
    ----
    * arquitectura clásica = classical architecture.
    * arquitectura cliente-servidor = client-server architecture.
    * arquitectura de comunicaciones = communication architecture.
    * arquitectura del paisaje = landscape architecture.
    * arquitectura gótica = Gothic architecture.
    * arquitectura histórica = historical architecture.
    * arquitectura islámica = Islamic architecture.
    * arquitectura militar = military architecture.
    * arquitectura paisajista = landscaping.
    * historiador de arquitectura = architectural historian.
    * * *
    femenino architecture
    * * *

    Ex: Using gothic architecture instead of architecture is an example of increasing specificity.

    * arquitectura clásica = classical architecture.
    * arquitectura cliente-servidor = client-server architecture.
    * arquitectura de comunicaciones = communication architecture.
    * arquitectura del paisaje = landscape architecture.
    * arquitectura gótica = Gothic architecture.
    * arquitectura histórica = historical architecture.
    * arquitectura islámica = Islamic architecture.
    * arquitectura militar = military architecture.
    * arquitectura paisajista = landscaping.
    * historiador de arquitectura = architectural historian.

    * * *
    1 ( Arquit) architecture
    2 ( Inf) architecture
    * * *

     

    arquitectura sustantivo femenino
    architecture
    arquitectura sustantivo femenino architecture
    ' arquitectura' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ambiente
    - románico
    English:
    architecture
    * * *
    1. [arte, técnica] architecture
    arquitectura civil = non-ecclesiastical architecture;
    arquitectura funcional functional architecture;
    arquitectura de interiores interior design;
    arquitectura naval naval architecture;
    arquitectura religiosa ecclesiastical o church architecture
    2. Informát architecture
    arquitectura abierta open architecture
    * * *
    f architecture
    * * *
    : architecture
    * * *
    arquitectura n architecture

    Spanish-English dictionary > arquitectura

  • 5 arquitectura clásica

    Ex. Symbols of permanence and value, as in banknotes for example, have always borrowed from the vocabulary of classical architecture.
    * * *

    Ex: Symbols of permanence and value, as in banknotes for example, have always borrowed from the vocabulary of classical architecture.

    Spanish-English dictionary > arquitectura clásica

  • 6 clásico2

    2 = classic, classical, vintage, conventional, classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA], vintage.
    Ex. The classic and well-known example of such a distinction is that which is frequently found in libraries where books are arranged in separate sequences according to their size; for example, octavo, quarto and folio.
    Ex. Music, especially classical works, often requires the establishment of a uniform title.
    Ex. Indeed, advantage was taken of the tenth anniversary of British membership to make 1983 a vintage year for monographs on the European Communities.
    Ex. The foregoing discussion concerning analytical entries assumes implicitly a conventional catalogue format, that is, card, microform or other printed catalogue.
    Ex. By modelling her portraits on ancient Roman busts, she was responding to cultural and political forces which fostered a classicizing style.
    Ex. His Cubist still lifes with figures rendered in a sketchily classicized style echoes the conflict between the academic and the avant-garde in the early 20th century.
    Ex. When she discovered vintage comics and their lurid covers, she went nuts.
    ----
    * a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * arquitectura clásica = classical architecture.
    * ejemplo clásico = classical example.
    * época clásica, la = classical age, the.
    * imitando a lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * latín clásico = Classical Latin.
    * literatura clásica = classical literature.
    * mundo clásico, el = classical world, the.
    * neoclásico = neoclassical [neo-classical].
    * obra anónima clásica = anonymous classic.
    * texto clásico = classical text.

    Spanish-English dictionary > clásico2

  • 7 Brunelleschi, Filippo

    [br]
    b. 1377 Florence, Italy
    d. 15 April 1446 Florence, Italy
    [br]
    Italian artist, craftsman and architect who introduced the Italian Renaissance style of classical architecture in the fifteenth century.
    [br]
    Brunelleschi was a true "Renaissance Man" in that he excelled in several disciplines, as did most artists of the Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He was a goldsmith and sculptor; fifteenth-century writers acknowledge him as the first to study and demonstrate the principles of perspective, and he clearly possessed a deep mathematical understanding of the principles of architectural structure.
    Brunelleschi's Foundling Hospital in Florence, begun in 1419, is accepted as the first Renaissance building, one whose architectural style is based upon a blend of the classical principles and decoration of Ancient Rome and those of the Tuscan Romanesque. Brunelleschi went on to design a number of important Renaissance structures in Florence, such as the basilicas of San Lorenzo and Santo Spirito, the Pazzi Chapel at Santa Croce, and the unfinished church of Santa Maria degli Angeli.
    However, the artistic and technical feat for which Brunelleschi is most famed is the completion of Florence Cathedral by constructing a dome above the octagonal drum which had been completed in 1412. The building of this dome presented what appeared to be at the time insuperable problems, which had caused previous cathedral architects to shy away from tackling it. The drum was nearly 140 ft (43 m) in diameter and its base was 180 ft (55 m) above floor level: no wooden centering was possible because no trees long enough to span the gap could be found, and even if they had been available, the weight of such a massive framework would have broken centering beneath. In addition, the drum had no external abutment, so the weight of the dome must exert excessive lateral thrust. Aesthetically, the ideal Renaissance dome, like the Roman dome before it (for example, the Pantheon) was a hemisphere, but in the case of the Florence Cathedral such a structure would have been unsafe, so Brunelleschi created a pointed dome that would create less thrust laterally. He constructed eight major ribs of stone and, between them, sixteen minor ones, using a light infilling. He constructed a double-shell dome, which was the first of this type but is a design that has been followed by nearly all major architects since this date (for example Michelangelo's Saint Peter's in Rome, and Wren's Saint Paul's in London). Further strength is given by a herringbone pattern of masonry and brick infilling, and by tension chains of massive blocks, fastened with iron and with iron chains above, girding the dome at three levels. A large lantern finally stops the 50 ft (15.25 m) diameter eye at the point of the dome. Construction of the Florence Cathedral dome was begun on 7 August 1420 and was completed to the base of the lantern sixteen years later. It survives as the peak of Brunelleschi's Renaissance achievement.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Peter Murray, 1963, The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance, Batsford, Ch. 2. Howard Saalman, 1980, Filippo Brunelleschi: The Cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore, Zwemmer.
    Piero Sanpaolesi, 1977, La Cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore: Il Progetto: La Costruzione, Florence: Edam.
    Eugenio Battisti, 1981, Brunelleschi: The Complete Work, Thames and Hudson.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Brunelleschi, Filippo

  • 8 Mansart, Nicolas François

    [br]
    b. 23 January 1598 Paris, France
    d. 23 September 1666 Paris, France
    [br]
    French architect believed by many historians to be the greatest French architect of all time.
    [br]
    Mansart was a classical architect who designed in High Renaissance style in France. Chief architect to Louis XIII, he was responsible for a number of fine châteaux and hôtels such as the Château de Maisons (1642–51) near Paris and the Hôtel Carnavalet (1660) in Paris. He was also the architect of the magnificent Paris church of Val de Grâce (begun in 1645).
    The mansard roof, which has two different slopes of pitch, one steeper than the other, was named after Mansart (with a small change of spelling for euphony). It was a type of roof that was very popular in France from the early seventeenth century onwards and was revived under Napoleon III in the nineteenth century. However, although Mansart popularized this style of roof, he did not invent it; indeed, it was used in earlier works by both Pierre Lescot and Jacques Lemercier.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    R.Blomfield, 1911, A History of French Architecture, Vol II, Bell (the standard work). A.Braham and P.Smith, 1974, François Mansart, Zwemmer.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Mansart, Nicolas François

  • 9 наос

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > наос

  • 10 klassische Architektur

    Architektur f: klassische Architektur f ARCH classical architecture

    Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > klassische Architektur

  • 11 klassischer Baustil

    Baustil m: klassischer Baustil m ARCH classical architecture

    Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > klassischer Baustil

  • 12 klassisch kühle Architektur

    Architektur f: klassisch kühle Architektur f ARCH severely classical architecture

    Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > klassisch kühle Architektur

  • 13 классицистический

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > классицистический

  • 14 Adam, Robert

    [br]
    b. 3 July 1728 Kirkcaldy, Scotland
    d. 3 March 1792 London, England
    [br]
    Scottish architect, active mostly in England, who led the neo-classical movement between 1760 and 1790.
    [br]
    Robert Adam was a man of outstanding talent, immense energy dedicated to his profession, and of great originality, who utilized all sources of classical art from ancient Greece and Rome as well as from the Renaissance and Baroque eras in Italy. He was also a very practical exponent of neo-classicism and believed in using the latest techniques to produce fine craftsmanship.
    Of particular interest to him was stucco, the material needed for elegant, finely crafted ceiling and wall designs. Stucco, though the Italian word for plaster, refers architecturally to a specific form of the material. Known as Stucco duro (hard plaster), its use and composition dates from the days of ancient Rome. Giovanni da Udine, a pupil of Raphael, having discovered some fine stucco antico in the ruins of the Palace of Titus in Rome, carried out extensive research during the Italian Renaissance in order to discover its precise composition; it was a mixture of powdered crystalline limestone (travertine), river sand, water and powdered white marble. The marble produced an exceptionally hard stucco when set, thereby differentiating it from plaster-work, and was a material fine enough to make delicate relief and statuary work possible.
    In the 1770s Robert Adam's ceiling and wall designs were characterized by low-relief, delicate, classical forms. He and his brothers, who formed the firm of Adam Brothers, were interested in a stucco which would be especially fine grained and hard setting. A number of new products then appearing on the market were easier to handle than earlier ones. These included a stucco by Mr David Wark, patented in 1765, and another by a Swiss clergyman called Liardet in 1773; the Adam firm purchased both patents and obtained an Act of Parliament authorizing them to be the sole vendors and makers of this stucco, which they called "Adam's new invented patent stucco". More new versions appeared, among which was one by a Mr Johnson, who claimed it to be an improvement. The Adam Brothers, having paid a high price for their rights, took him to court. The case was decided in 1778 by Lord Mansfield, a fellow Scot and a patron (at Kenwood), who,
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the Society of Arts 1758. FRS 1761. Architect to the King's Works 1761.
    Bibliography
    1764, Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro.
    1773, Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam.
    Further Reading
    A.T.Bolton, 1922, The Architecture of Robert and James Adam, 1758–1794, 2 vols, Country Life.
    J.Fleming, 1962, Robert Adam and his Circle, Murray. J.Lees-Milne, 1947, The Age of Adam, Batsford.
    J.Rykwert and A.Rykwert, 1985, The Brothers Adam, Collins. D.Yarwood, 1970, Robert Adam, Dent.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Adam, Robert

  • 15 Wren, Sir Christopher

    [br]
    b. 20 October 1632 East Knoyle, Wiltshire, England
    d. 25 February 1723 London, England
    [br]
    English architect whose background in scientific research and achievement enhanced his handling of many near-intractable architectural problems.
    [br]
    Born into a High Church and Royalist family, the young Wren early showed outstanding intellectual ability and at Oxford in 1654 was described as "that miracle of a youth". Educated at Westminster School, he went up to Oxford, where he graduated at the age of 19 and obtained his master's degree two years later. From this time onwards his interests were in science, primarily astronomy but also physics, engineering and meteorology. While still at college he developed theories about and experimentally solved some fifty varied problems. At the age of 25 Wren was appointed to the Chair of Astronomy at Gresham College in London, but he soon returned to Oxford as Savilian Professor of Astronomy there. At the same time he became one of the founder members of the Society of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford, which was awarded its Royal Charter soon after the Restoration of 1660; Wren, together with such men as Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke, John Evelyn and Robert Boyle, then found himself a member of the Royal Society.
    Wren's architectural career began with the classical chapel that he built, at the request of his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, for Pembroke College, Cambridge (1663). From this time onwards, until he died at the age of 91, he was fully occupied with a wide and taxing variety of architectural problems which he faced in the execution of all the great building schemes of the day. His scientific background and inventive mind stood him in good stead in solving such difficulties with an often unusual approach and concept. Nowhere was this more apparent than in his rebuilding of fifty-one churches in the City of London after the Great Fire, in the construction of the new St Paul's Cathedral and in the grand layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich.
    The first instance of Wren's approach to constructional problems was in his building of the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford (1664–9). He based his design upon that of the Roman Theatre of Marcellus (13–11 BC), which he had studied from drawings in Serlio's book of architecture. Wren's reputation as an architect was greatly enhanced by his solution to the roofing problem here. The original theatre in Rome, like all Roman-theatres, was a circular building open to the sky; this would be unsuitable in the climate of Oxford and Wren wished to cover the English counterpart without using supporting columns, which would have obscured the view of the stage. He solved this difficulty mathematically, with the aid of his colleague Dr Wallis, the Professor of Geometry, by means of a timber-trussed roof supporting a painted ceiling which represented the open sky.
    The City of London's churches were rebuilt over a period of nearly fifty years; the first to be completed and reopened was St Mary-at-Hill in 1676, and the last St Michael Cornhill in 1722, when Wren was 89. They had to be rebuilt upon the original medieval sites and they illustrate, perhaps more clearly than any other examples of Wren's work, the fertility of his imagination and his ability to solve the most intractable problems of site, limitation of space and variation in style and material. None of the churches is like any other. Of the varied sites, few are level or possess right-angled corners or parallel sides of equal length, and nearly all were hedged in by other, often larger, buildings. Nowhere is his versatility and inventiveness shown more clearly than in his designs for the steeples. There was no English precedent for a classical steeple, though he did draw upon the Dutch examples of the 1630s, because the London examples had been medieval, therefore Roman Catholic and Gothic, churches. Many of Wren's steeples are, therefore, Gothic steeples in classical dress, but many were of the greatest originality and delicate beauty: for example, St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside; the "wedding cake" St Bride in Fleet Street; and the temple diminuendo concept of Christ Church in Newgate Street.
    In St Paul's Cathedral Wren showed his ingenuity in adapting the incongruous Royal Warrant Design of 1675. Among his gradual and successful amendments were the intriguing upper lighting of his two-storey choir and the supporting of the lantern by a brick cone inserted between the inner and outer dome shells. The layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich illustrates Wren's qualities as an overall large-scale planner and designer. His terms of reference insisted upon the incorporation of the earlier existing Queen's House, erected by Inigo Jones, and of John Webb's King Charles II block. The Queen's House, in particular, created a difficult problem as its smaller size rendered it out of scale with the newer structures. Wren's solution was to make it the focal centre of a great vista between the main flanking larger buildings; this was a masterstroke.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1673. President, Royal Society 1681–3. Member of Parliament 1685–7 and 1701–2. Surveyor, Greenwich Hospital 1696. Surveyor, Westminster Abbey 1699.
    Surveyor-General 1669–1712.
    Further Reading
    R.Dutton, 1951, The Age of Wren, Batsford.
    M.Briggs, 1953, Wren the Incomparable, Allen \& Unwin. M.Whinney, 1971, Wren, Thames \& Hudson.
    K.Downes, 1971, Christopher Wren, Allen Lane.
    G.Beard, 1982, The Work of Sir Christopher Wren, Bartholomew.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Wren, Sir Christopher

  • 16 Sullivan, Louis Henry

    [br]
    b. 3 September 1856 Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 14 April 1924 Chicago, Illinois, USA
    [br]
    American architect whose work came to be known as the "Chicago School of Architecture" and who created a new style of architecture suited specifically to steel-frame, high-rise structures.
    [br]
    Sullivan, a Bostonian, studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Soon he joined his parents, who had moved to Chicago, and worked for a while in the office of William Le Baron Jenney, the pioneer of steel-frame construction. After spending some time studying at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, in 1875 Sullivan returned to Chicago, where he later met and worked for the Danish architect Dankmar Adler, who was practising there. In 1881 the two architects became partners, and during the succeeding fifteen years they produced their finest work and the buildings for which Sullivan is especially known.
    During the early 1880s in Chicago, load-bearing, metal-framework structures that made lofty skyscrapers possible had been developed (see Jenney and Holabird). Louis H.Sullivan initiated building design to stress and complement the metal structure rather than hide it. Moving onwards from H.H.Richardson's treatment of his Marshall Field Wholesale Store in Chicago, Sullivan took the concept several stages further. His first outstanding work, built with Adler in 1886–9, was the Auditorium Building in Chicago. The exterior, in particular, was derived largely from Richardson's Field Store, and the building—now restored—is of bold but simple design, massively built in granite and stone, its form stressing the structure beneath. The architects' reputation was established with this building.
    The firm of Sullivan \& Adler established itself during the early 1890s, when they built their most famous skyscrapers. Adler was largely responsible for the structure, the acoustics and function, while Sullivan was responsible for the architectural design, concerning himself particularly with the limitation and careful handling of ornament. In 1892 he published his ideas in Ornament in Architecture, where he preached restraint in its quality and disposition. He established himself as a master of design in the building itself, producing a rhythmic simplicity of form, closely related to the structural shape beneath. The two great examples of this successful approach were the Wainwright Building in St Louis, Missouri (1890–1) and the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York (1894–5). The Wainwright Building was a ten-storeyed structure built in stone and brick and decorated with terracotta. The vertical line was stressed throughout but especially at the corners, where pilasters were wider. These rose unbroken to an Art Nouveau type of decorative frieze and a deeply projecting cornice above. The thirteen-storeyed Guaranty Building is Sullivan's masterpiece, a simple, bold, finely proportioned and essentially modern structure. The pilaster verticals are even more boldly stressed and decoration is at a minimum. In the twentieth century the almost free-standing supporting pillars on the ground floor have come to be called pilotis. As late as the 1920s, particularly in New York, the architectural style and decoration of skyscrapers remained traditionally eclectic, based chiefly upon Gothic or classical forms; in view of this, Sullivan's Guaranty Building was far ahead of its time.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Article by Louis H.Sullivan. Address delivered to architectural students June 1899, published in Canadian Architecture Vol. 18(7):52–3.
    Further Reading
    Hugh Morrison, 1962, Louis Sullivan: Prophet of Modern Architecture.
    Willard Connely, 1961, Louis Sullivan as He Lived, New York: Horizon Press.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Sullivan, Louis Henry

  • 17 clasicismo

    m.
    1 classicism (Arte & literature).
    2 classical nature.
    3 classic style.
    4 elitism, classicism.
    * * *
    1 classicism
    * * *
    * * *
    masculino classicism
    * * *
    Ex. This book analyzes the mix of classicism and medieval revivalism in Gherardesca's architecture.
    * * *
    masculino classicism
    * * *

    Ex: This book analyzes the mix of classicism and medieval revivalism in Gherardesca's architecture.

    * * *
    classicism
    * * *
    1. [en arte, literatura] classicism
    2. [carácter de obra, autor] classical nature
    * * *
    m classicism
    * * *
    : classicism

    Spanish-English dictionary > clasicismo

  • 18 de líneas rectas

    (adj.) = straight-line
    Ex. Hidden away in lairs behind the chaotic jumble of facades of all styles from stately Greek classical to the severe straight-line school of modern architecture, a thousand businesses plied their mysteries.
    * * *
    (adj.) = straight-line

    Ex: Hidden away in lairs behind the chaotic jumble of facades of all styles from stately Greek classical to the severe straight-line school of modern architecture, a thousand businesses plied their mysteries.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de líneas rectas

  • 19 guarida

    f.
    1 lair.
    2 haunt, hideout.
    3 den, lair.
    4 refuge, shelter, hangout, hang-out.
    5 crash pad, free place to sleep or live temporarily.
    * * *
    1 ZOOLOGÍA haunt, den, lair
    2 peyorativo (refugio) hide-out
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de animales] den, hideout; [de persona] haunt, hideout
    2) (fig) refuge, shelter; (=amparo) cover
    * * *
    femenino ( de animales) den, lair; ( de personas) hideout
    * * *
    = lair, hideout.
    Ex. Hidden away in lairs behind the chaotic jumble of facades of all styles from stately Greek classical to the severe straight-line school of modern architecture, a thousand businesses plied their mysteries.
    Ex. Seditious books continued to appear, nevertheless, both from secret presses in England moving furtively from hideout to hideout.
    ----
    * guarida del león, la = lion's den, the.
    * * *
    femenino ( de animales) den, lair; ( de personas) hideout
    * * *
    = lair, hideout.

    Ex: Hidden away in lairs behind the chaotic jumble of facades of all styles from stately Greek classical to the severe straight-line school of modern architecture, a thousand businesses plied their mysteries.

    Ex: Seditious books continued to appear, nevertheless, both from secret presses in England moving furtively from hideout to hideout.
    * guarida del león, la = lion's den, the.

    * * *
    (de animales) den, lair; (de personas) hideout
    * * *

    guarida sustantivo femenino ( de animales) den, lair;
    ( de personas) hideout
    guarida sustantivo femenino
    1 (de animal) lair
    2 (de criminales) hide-out
    ' guarida' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    nido
    English:
    den
    - haunt
    - hide-out
    - lair
    - hide
    * * *
    1. [de animal] lair
    2. [escondite] hideout
    * * *
    f
    1 ZO den
    2 de personas hide-out
    * * *
    1) : den, lair
    2) : hideout
    * * *
    2. (de personas) hide out

    Spanish-English dictionary > guarida

  • 20 Gilbert, Cass

    [br]
    b. 24 November 1859 Zanesville, Ohio, USA
    d. 17 May 1934 Brockenhurst, Hampshire, England
    [br]
    American architect who designed a variety of high-quality, large-scale public buildings in eclectic mode.
    [br]
    Gilbert travelled widely in Europe before returning to the USA to join the well-known firm of McKim, Mead \& White, for whom he designed the Minnesota State Capitol at Saint Paul (1896–1903). This building, like the majority of Gilbert's work, was in classical form, the great dome modelled on that of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. Other designs, on similar classical themes, included his large US Customs House in New York (1907). The structure for which Gilbert is best known, however, was an adaptation of French Gothic style to a sixty-storeyed skyscraper. This was the Woolworth Building, an office tower of romantic silhouette in downtown New York (1913). In contra-distinction to the high-rise designs of Louis Sullivan, who broke new ground in relating the design of the building to the verticality of the structure, Gilbert continued the skyscraper pattern of earlier years by clothing the steel structure in eclectic manner unrelated to the form beneath. The result, if backward-looking, is an elegant, attractive and familiar part of the New York skyline.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    W.H.Jordy, 1976, American Buildings and their Architects, Vol. 3, Garden City, New York: Anchor.
    W.Weisman, 1970, The Rise of American Architecture, New York: Praeger.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Gilbert, Cass

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • Classical architecture — Architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, especially from the 5th century BC in Greece to the 3rd century AD in Rome, that emphasized the column and pediment. Greek architecture was based chiefly on the post and beam system, with columns carrying… …   Universalium

  • Classical architecture — Tholos temple, sanctuary of Athena Pronaia; located in Delphi, Greece Classical architecture is a mode of architecture employing vocabulary derived in part from the Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, enriched by classicizing… …   Wikipedia

  • classical architecture — noun architecture influenced by the ancient Greeks or Romans • Syn: ↑Greco Roman architecture • Members of this Topic: ↑cyma, ↑cymatium • Hypernyms: ↑architectural style, ↑style of architecture, ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • classical architecture — /klæsɪkəl ˈakətɛktʃə/ (say klasikuhl ahkuhtekchuh) noun 1. any architectural style distinguished by clarity and balance of design and plan, expressive of poise and dignity, and as a rule by the use of a Greek or Roman vocabulary. 2. the… …  

  • The Institute of Classical Architecture & Classical America — The Institute of Classical Architecture Classical America, founded as two separate nonprofit organizations in 1991 and 1968, respectively, merged in 2002 as a national organization dedicated to advancing the classical tradition in architecture,… …   Wikipedia

  • Richard H. Driehaus Prize for Classical Architecture — The Richard H. Driehaus Prize for Classical Architecture was established in 2003 by The Richard H. Driehaus Foundation and is presented annually through the University of Notre Dame School of Architecture to honor a major contributor in the field …   Wikipedia

  • NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE —    The revival of classicism is a recurring theme in the history of architecture. From the earliest establishment of an architectural canon in Ancient Greece and its further codification in Ancient Rome, architects throughout time have been… …   Historical Dictionary of Architecture

  • List of classical architecture terms — This is a list of terms used in classical architecture.Building elements* Acroterion ornament mounted at the apex of the pediment of a building * Aedicule * Apollarium * Aegis * Apse * Arch * Architrave * Archivolt * Ante Fixae * Amphiprostyle *… …   Wikipedia

  • Classical antiquity — Classical era redirects here. For the Classical period in music, see Classical period (music). The works of Homer mark the beginning of classical antiquity and were revered throughout the period …   Wikipedia

  • Classical order — An illustration of the five orders engraved for the Encyclopédie, vol. 18, showing the Tuscan and Doric orders (top row); two versions of the Ionic order (center row); Corinthian and Composite orders (bottom row). A classical order is one of the… …   Wikipedia

  • architecture — /ahr ki tek cheuhr/, n. 1. the profession of designing buildings, open areas, communities, and other artificial constructions and environments, usually with some regard to aesthetic effect. Architecture often includes design or selection of… …   Universalium

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»